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T’eneqw (Fruit), P’a7ajeh (Shoots), Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)

• Berries usually eaten fresh
• Shoots peeled and eaten fresh, occasionally steamed (often dipped in grease and/or eaten with dried salmon spawn)

T’thew’kw/Red Elderberry (Sambucus racemosa)

• Steamed or boiled and dried into cakes
• Often mixed with other berries to make more palatable and eaten with grease

Elderberry

Xwosom/Soapberry (Shepherdia canadensis)

• Dried into cakes
• Made into ‘Indian ice-cream’ by whipping into a froth (sweetened with western hemlock cambium [sugar today])
• Found on Savary Island; often traded for

Soapberry

SasXwalnach Nodding Onion (Allium cernuum)

• Bulbs eaten raw or steamed

SasXwalnach Onion

Che7t’ay Devil’s Club (Oplopanax horridus)

• Used for treating aches and pains, but also skin and blood disorders